by
the console radio-gramophone "SVG-K" (on the base of
the "SVD-9" receiver), the receivers models "9N-4",
"10N-15", "5NU-8", "5N-12", and
the R-gramophone "D-11", "10MG-16". Shortly
before the Great Patriotic War (WW2), the following models were
constructed: the "Marshall", the "Pioneer"(the
R-set and the radiogramophone), the "KIM", the "Orlionok",
the "Moskva" (Factory of Culture Goods of the Rostokin
District Industrial Trust), the new outer design of the "6N-1"
receiver.
Together
with the superheterodynes cheaper receivers of direct amplification
models "T-35" and "T-37" were produced by
Tula Radio Works. The set "TESD-2" was manufactured
by the same works.
During
the war the output of home receivers was practically stopped but
by the end of the war the working out of new models was resumed.
The first set produced at the end of the war was a mass "super"
model "Rekord" with many later modifications (1
,2 ). It was
turned out by several works. By 1946 mass production of receivers
of pre-war models started and many new models followed. Some of
them are the "VEF M-557", the
"Moskvich"(not to be confused with the mass R-set "Moskvich-B" of 1949's
make), the "Salyut", the "M-648"(Moskow Krasin
Radio Works), the "VV-661",
the "Riga T-689"and the cheaper "Riga T-755", the
"Minsk", the "6N-25",
the "Vostok 7N-27", the "Ural-47" (the R-set
and the radiogramophone), the "VEF M-697", the "Baku
6S-47", multi-tube the "Belarus"
and the "Leningrad".
With introduction of 2-volt glass direct-heated tubes
battery-sourced "supers" the "4NBS-6" and
"Rodina"("Electosignal" Works in Voronezh)
appeared. The modification of the latter the "Rodina-47" ("Electrosignal-3")
gained a wide popularity. The AC-fed version of this set was produced
by the works named "Electrosignal-2".
The
first attempt to create a light portable R-set was working out
and production of a trial lot of the "Efeer-48" produced
by the radio works in the town of Alexandrov (Central Russia).
It used direct heating tubes with 1 V filament: 1A1P, 1B1P, 1K1P,
2P1P which had appeared by that time. The set looked like a small
suitcase weighing 2,5 kG and had a built-in frame aerial. Later
the portable models "Tourist", "Novj", "Dorozhny"
using tubes of the same series became more popular.
Before
the war the "VEF M-1357" receiver was also constructed.
It was a 14-tube(!) device with auto tunning heterodyne, with
an expander widening the dynamic range of the sound. It also had
a preset tunning. A small lot of such R-sets was produced soon
after the war. But it was a simplified version - without preset
tuning.
All
AC-net receivers produced after the war applied home metallic
tubes of rather a high quality or their glass analogs (appeared
later). Many receivers are in working condition even now and rather
often use originally installed tubes of those times. The mass
R-
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sets
models the "Moskvich-B", "Minsk S-4", and
"ARZ" were constructed
with an economical reflex circuit which by the way showed a good
stability.
To
make the radios cheaper and reduce their weight universal power-
transformerless source was provided in some models (the "Rekord",
"Rekord-47", "Leningrader",
"Moskvich", "Moskva"). In models the "Moskvich-B",
"Record-52"
and "ARZ" a power autotransformer was installed. For
transformerless schemes with series connection of tube filaments
the tubes 30C1S, 25P1S, 30P1S with high-tension heating were specially
designed. In basic models of few-tube receivers selenium pillars
were applied to rectify the anode tension. In further modifications
they were, as a rule, substituted for the vacuum rectifiers because
of instability of the selenium ones which were produced then (the
"Moskvich-B", "ARZ").
In
those years fixed tuning to prechosen R-stations was applied not
only in expensive sets (the "Belarus", "Leningrad")
but also in mass ones (the "Moskva", "Leningrader").
As material for making cabinets apart from wood bakelite was used
(the "Moskvich-B" and later the "Ogonyok",
"Strela",
"Zarya", "Riga-6")
as well as metal (the "ARZ", "Riga T-755",
later the "Zvezda-54").
Perhaps
the biggest achievement of the home tube radio industry of the
USSR of those days became the high-grade radiogramophone "Riga"
put out by the "Radiotechnika" works in Riga. This apparatus
absorbed all theoretic and practical achievements in the field
of home radio of that period. The set was placed in a console
of 1,3x0,5x1,0 m and consisted of a gramophone block with an auto
10-disk changer and an electronic block on 21 tubes. The characteristics
of the set were considered very high which was ensured by the
following schematic peculiarities: a complex speaker system of
3 woofers and a horn tweeter, a powerful push-pull output step
using 2x2 6P3S (6L6) tubes, a deep tone control with bass boost
system, wide range three-coil IF transformers with auto changing
the range according to the level of incoming signal, a supereffective
automatic gain control system, a noiseless tuning block. However,
this "monster" did not go into mass production and existed
only in several units. One of them is exposed at the Polytechnical
Museum in Moscow. It is interesting to note that a mixed variety
of tubes was applied in the receiver's scheme. For instance, in
the IF-tract "old" 6K7 tubes were installed, but the
oscillator was assembled on a Noval-penthode - 6G3P. All the rest
are octal tubes quite usual in those years.
The
further development of home radio industry was connected with
improvement of technical characteristics and technology of production
of R-sets. But it were the first years after the war which laid
a foundation of diversity of models and makes of the Soviet tube
R-receivers reflected in the virtual exposition of http://oldradio.onego.ru/
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