|  
               Classical 
                Vertical Antenna (aka Ground Plane Antenna) without additional 
                tuning works satisfactory only at one amateur band. However, so 
                called "thick" antennas (looks like three-dimensional 
                geometrical figure) could work with good SWR in the frequencies 
                range F1/F2= 3, where, F1- high working frequency, F2- lower working 
                frequency. Common use those ones is a Conical Antenna (Figure 
                1) and Exponential Antenna (Figure 
                2).  
              For Conical Antenna the pass- band is increased with 
                the increasing of the Alfa at the antenna base. Antenna has optimum parameters at 
                Alfa = 60-70- degree. 
                At the Alfa = 60- 70- degree the Conical Antenna has impedance near 70- 80- Ohm. The same thing 
                is for Exponential Antenna. However, the maximum diameter of the 
                Exponential Antenna is almost in three times less compared to 
                the Conical Antenna. 
              As usual the antennas shown on Figure 1 and Figure 2 made from wires or tubes to simulate the 
                Conical or Exponential shape.  
                 
                 
             |