ANTENTOP- 02- 2003, # 003

Jagadis Chandra Bose

prisms, and even semiconductor detectors of electromagnetic radiation - were invented and used in the last decade of the nineteenth century. At about the end of the nineteenth century, many of the workers in this area simply became interested in other topics. Attention of the wireless experimenters of the time became focused on much longer wavelengths which eventually, with the help of the then unknown ionosphere, were able to support signalling at very much greater distances.

Although it appears that Bose's demonstration of remote wireless signalling has priority over Marconi, he was the first to use a semiconductor junction to detect radio waves, and he invented various now commonplace microwave components, outside of India he is rarely given the deserved recognition. Further work at millimeter wavelengths was almost nonexistent for nearly 50 years. J.C. Bose was at least this much ahead of his time.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I wish to thank the Bose Institute in Calcutta for help with material, and for permission in 1985 to photograph some of the original equipment of J.C. Bose, including the photographs shown from Figures 4 to 14 in this article. I thank Mrs. Nancy Clarke for help in preparing the manuscript.

REFERENCES

[1] H. Hertz, Electric Waves. London: Macmillan and Co. Ltd., 1893. (Reprinted by Dover.)

[2] John F. Ramsay, "Microwave Antenna and Waveguide Techniques before 1900," Proc. IRE., Vol.46, No.2, pp. 405-415, February 1958.

[3] K.L. Smith, "Victorian Microwaves," Wireless World, pp. 93-95, September 1979.

[4] Lord Rayleigh, "On the passage of electric waves through tubes, or the vibrations of dielectric cylinders," Phil. Mag., vol.43, pp.125-132, February 1897.

[5] Oliver Lodge, Signalling Across Space Without Wires. Fleet Street, London, U.K.: "The Electrician" Printing & Publishing Company, 1908, 4^th Ed., p. 83. (First edition published in 1894 under the title, The Work of Hertz and His Successors.)

[6] A. Righi, L'Ottica delle Oscillazioni Elettriche. Bologna, Italy: N. Zanichelli, 1897.

[7] J.C. Bose, "On the determination of the wavelength of electric radiation by a diffraction grating," Proc. Roy. Soc., vol. 60, pp.167-178, 1897.

[8] J.C. Bose, Collected Physical Papers. New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., 1927.

[9] P. Lebedew, "Ueber die Dopplbrechung der Strahlen electrischer Kraft," Annalen der Physik und Chemie, series 3, vol.56, no.9, pp.1-17, 1895.

[10] Monoranjon Gupta, Jagadis Chandra Bose, A Biography. Bombay, India: Bhavan's Book University, 1952.

[11] Bimalendu Mitra, Sir Jagadis Chandra Bose: A Biography for Students. Hyderabad-Bombay-Calcutta, India: Orient Longman,Ltd., 1982.

[12] B. Mitra, "Early Microwave Engineering: J. C. Bose's Physical Researches during 1895-1900," Science and Culture, vol.50, pp.147-154, 1984.

[13] Photograph from Acharya Jagadis Chandra Bose, Birth Centenary, 1858-1958. Calcutta: published by the Birth Centenary Committee, printed by P.C. Ray, November 1958.

[14] G.L. Pearson, and W.H. Brattain, "History of Semiconductor Research," Proc. IRE, 43, pp.1794-1806, 1955.

[15] J.C. Bose, "On the Change of Conductivity of Metallic Particles under Cyclic Electromotive Variation," originally presented to the British Association at Glasgow, September 1901, reproduced in Collected Physical Papers, J.C. Bose, Ed. New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., 1927.

[16] C. Schaefer and G. Gross, "Untersuchungen ueber die Totalreflexion," Annalen der Physik, vol 32, p.648, 1910.

[17] J.M. Payne & P.R. Jewell, "The Upgrade of the NRAO 8-beam Receiver," in Multi-feed Systems for Radio Telescopes, D.T. Emerson & J.M. Payne, Eds. San Francisco: ASP Conference Series, 1995, vol. 75, p.144.

I want to present for you some more info about Jagadis Chandra Bose, so, go to the next page.

I.G.

www.antentop.org

Page 96